x.json2 #

The name json2 was chosen to avoid any unwanted potential conflicts with the existing codegen tailored for the main json module which is powered by CJSON.

x.json2 is an experimental JSON parser written from scratch on V.

Usage

import x.json2
import net.http

fn main() {
    // Decoding
    resp := http.get('https://example.com')!

    // raw decode
    raw_person := json2.raw_decode(resp.body)!

    // Casting `Any` type / Navigating
    person := raw_person.as_map()
    name := person['name'].str() // Bob
    age := person['age'].int() // 19
    pi := person['pi'].f64() // 3.14....

    // Constructing an `Any` type
    mut me := map[string]json2.Any{}
    me['name'] = 'Bob'
    me['age'] = 18

    mut arr := []json2.Any{}
    arr << 'rock'
    arr << 'papers'
    arr << json2.null
    arr << 12

    me['interests'] = arr

    mut pets := map[string]json2.Any{}
    pets['Sam'] = 'Maltese Shitzu'
    me['pets'] = pets

    // Stringify to JSON
    println(me.str())
    //{
    //   "name":"Bob",
    //   "age":18,
    //   "interests":["rock","papers","scissors",null,12],
    //   "pets":{"Sam":"Maltese"}
    //}

    // Encode a struct/type to JSON
    encoded_json := json2.encode<Person>(person2)
}

Using decode<T> and encode<T>

Codegen for this feature is still WIP. You need to manually define the methods before using the module to structs.

In order to use the decode<T> and encode<T> function, you need to explicitly define two methods: from_json and to_json. from_json accepts a json2.Any argument and inside of it you need to map the fields you're going to put into the type. As for to_json method, you just need to map the values into json2.Any and turn it into a string.

struct Person {
mut:
    name string
    age  int = 20
    pets []string
}

fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
    obj := f.as_map()
    for k, v in obj {
        match k {
            'name' { p.name = v.str() }
            'age' { p.age = v.int() }
            'pets' { p.pets = v.arr().map(it.str()) }
            else {}
        }
    }
}

fn (p Person) to_json() string {
    mut obj := map[string]json2.Any
    obj['name'] = p.name
    obj['age'] = p.age
    obj['pets'] = p.pets
    return obj.str()
}

fn main() {
    resp := os.read_file('./person.json')!
    person := json2.decode<Person>(resp)!
    println(person) // Person{name: 'Bob', age: 28, pets: ['Floof']}
    person_json := json2.encode<Person>(person)
    println(person_json) // {"name": "Bob", "age": 28, "pets": ["Floof"]}
}

Using struct tags

x.json2 can access and use the struct field tags similar to the json module by using the comp-time $for for structs.

fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
    mp := an.as_map()
    mut js_field_name := ''
    $for field in Person.fields {
        js_field_name = field.name

        for attr in field.attrs {
            if attr.starts_with('json:') {
                js_field_name = attr.all_after('json:').trim_left(' ')
                break
            }
        }

        match field.name {
            'name' { p.name = mp[js_field_name].str() }
            'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name].int() }
            'pets' { u.pets = mp[js_field_name].arr().map(it.str()) }
            else {}
        }
    }
}

Null Values

x.json2 has a separate null type for differentiating an undefined value and a null value. To verify that the field you're accessing is a null, use <typ> is json2.Null.

fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
    obj := f.as_map()
    if obj['age'] is json2.Null {
        // use a default value
        p.age = 10
    }
}

Custom field names

Aside from using struct tags, you can also just simply cast the base field into a map (as_map()) and access the field you wish to put into the struct/type.

fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
    obj := f.as_map()
    p.name = obj['nickname'].str()
}

fn (mut p Person) to_json() string {
    obj := f.as_map()
    obj['nickname'] = p.name
    return obj.str()
}

Undefined Values

Getting undefined values has the same behavior as regular V types. If you're casting a base field into map[string]json2.Any and fetch an undefined entry/value, it simply returns empty. As for the []json2.Any, it returns an index error.

Casting a value to an incompatible type

x.json2 provides methods for turning Any types into usable types. The following list shows the possible outputs when casting a value to an incompatible type.

1. Casting non-array values as array (arr()) will return an array with the value as the content.
2. Casting non-map values as map (as_map()) will return a map with the value as the content.
3. Casting non-string values to string (str()) will return the JSON string representation of the value.
4. Casting non-numeric values to int/float (int()/i64()/f32()/f64()) will return zero.

fn decode<T>(src string) !T

decode is a generic function that decodes a JSON string into the target type.

fn encode<T>(typ T) string

encode is a generic function that encodes a type into a JSON string.

fn fast_raw_decode(src string) !Any

Same with raw_decode, but skips the type conversion for certain types when decoding a certain value.

fn raw_decode(src string) !Any

Decodes a JSON string into an Any type. Returns an option.

interface Serializable {
	from_json(f Any)
	to_json() string
}

fn (f []Any) str() string

str returns the JSON string representation of the []Any type.

type Any = Null | []Any | bool | f32 | f64 | i64 | int | map[string]Any | string | u64

Any is a sum type that lists the possible types to be decoded and used.

fn (f Any) arr() []Any

arr uses Any as an array.

fn (f Any) as_map() map[string]Any

as_map uses Any as a map.

fn (f Any) bool() bool

bool uses Any as a bool

fn (f Any) f32() f32

f32 uses Any as a 32-bit float.

fn (f Any) f64() f64

f64 uses Any as a float.

fn (f Any) i64() i64

i64 uses Any as a 64-bit integer.

fn (f Any) int() int

int uses Any as an integer.

fn (f Any) json_str() string

json_str returns the JSON string representation of the Any type.

fn (f Any) prettify_json_str() string

prettify_json_str returns the pretty-formatted JSON string representation of the Any type.

fn (f Any) str() string

str returns the string representation of the Any type. Use the json_str method if you want to use the escaped str() version of the Any type.

fn (f Any) u64() u64

u64 uses Any as a 64-bit unsigned integer.

fn (f map[string]Any) str() string

str returns the JSON string representation of the map[string]Any type.

enum ValueKind {
	unknown
	array
	object
	string_
	number
}

fn (k ValueKind) str() string

str returns the string representation of the specific ValueKind

struct DecodeError {
	line    int
	column  int
	message string
}

fn (err DecodeError) code() int

code returns the error code of DecodeError

fn (err DecodeError) msg() string

msg returns the message of the DecodeError

struct Encoder {
	newline              u8
	newline_spaces_count int
	escape_unicode       bool = true
}

Encoder encodes the an Any type into JSON representation.
It provides parameters in order to change the end result.

fn (e &Encoder) encode_value(f Any, mut wr io.Writer) !

encode_value encodes an Any value to the specific writer.

struct InvalidTokenError {
	DecodeError
	token    Token
	expected TokenKind
}

fn (err InvalidTokenError) code() int

code returns the error code of the InvalidTokenError

fn (err InvalidTokenError) msg() string

msg returns the message of the InvalidTokenError

struct Null {
	is_null bool = true
}

Null struct is a simple representation of the null value in JSON.

struct Token {
	lit  []u8
	kind TokenKind
	line int
	col  int
}

fn (t Token) full_col() int

full_col returns the full column information which includes the length

struct UnknownTokenError {
	DecodeError
	token Token
	kind  ValueKind = .unknown
}

fn (err UnknownTokenError) code() int

code returns the error code of the UnknownTokenError

fn (err UnknownTokenError) msg() string

msg returns the error message of the UnknownTokenError